Study Questions: Frames, Scripts & Schemas
What is a frame?
What's the difference between an attribute and a value?
What is a default value?
Explain how frames address (at least) two weaknesses of prototype
theory.
Can you give an example of an inference from daily life that a frame
might support? Be sure to indicate what property or properties of
frames are needed to explain your example. Explain why your example
could or (more likely) could not be handled by a feature-based theory
of concepts and categories.
Explain how frames are potentially compatible with exemplar models of
categorization.
What is a script? How are scripts like frames?
What evidence from cognitive psychology suggests people actually use
scripts? What evidence suggests they use schemas (that is, frames)?
How are MOPs different from scripts?
Why did Schank invent MOPs? (That is, what weakness or weaknesses
motivated MOPs as knowledge structures underlying the comprehension of
events?)
What is a TOP?
What is a TAU?
Explain how and why Rumelhart's connectionist frames might be used to
account for Labov's findings about how people categorize cups and bowls.
What is a presupposition?
What is the presupposition in the following sentences:
She babysits for Rosemary's children.
The King of France is bald.
He knows the president of Serbia is corrupt.
Describe an experimental study that suggests that misleading
presuppositions in questions about a recent event affect memory for
that event.
Experiments that demonstrate how misleading questions about an event
affect people's performance on tests of memory for that event are known
as misinformation effects. What was the reverse misinformation effect
reported by Lindsay and Johnson (1989)? What does the reverse
misinformation effect suggest about memory for events that you've both
witnessed and talked about?
How would schema theory explain the reverse misinformation effect
discovered by Linsay and Johnson?